 |
|
| hard corals photo index |
| Phylum Cnidaria > Class Anthozoa > Subclass Zoantharia/Hexacorallia |
| Hard
corals on Singapore shores Don't know the name of the hard coral? Try the hard coral photo index |
| hard corals | other cnidarians |
Order Scleractinia hard corals
pgl |
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
||
| Scleractinia incertae sedis (Family) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
hnt |
smk |
tsm |
Plerogyra sinuosa Pearl bubble coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
cj |
skd |
tus |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
tsm |
Plesiastrea versipora Pock-marked corals |
|||||||||||||||
| Family Acroporidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
snt |
kus |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa |
Astreopora sp. Pebble coral |
||||||||||||||
| Acropora
sp. Acropora corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
lab |
snt
|
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Elegant acropora | ||||||||||||
ecp |
lab |
snt |
kus
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pinecone acropora | ||||||||||||||||
tm |
snt |
kus |
laz |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl
|
lfa |
Staghorn acropora | ||||||||||||||||
tm |
kus
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg |
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Stumpy acropora | |||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt |
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk |
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Tubular acropora | |||||||||||||||||
| Montipora
sp. Montipora corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Branching montipora | |||||||||
tm |
snt |
kus
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
Ridged montipora | |||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg |
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Plate montipora | |||||||||||
| Family Agariciidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
kus
|
sji
|
jng |
hnt
|
tpg |
smk |
tsm
|
lfa |
Pachyseris
rugosa Castle coral |
||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
sji
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg |
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pachyseris
speciosa Ringed plate coral |
||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt
|
kus
|
laz |
sji |
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pavona
sp. Lettuce coral |
|||||||||||||
| Family Dendrophyllidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turbinaria
sp. Disk corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
sp. Encrusting disk coral |
||||||||||
chg |
ubn |
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
peltata Flowery disk coral |
|||
tus |
tm |
snt
|
tkr |
kus |
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Turbinaria
sp. Ruffled disk coral |
||||||||||
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
Turbinaria
sp. Thin disk coral |
||||||||||
pgl |
prp
|
chg
|
ubn
|
ecp |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz
|
sis
|
jng
|
tpg |
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Tubastrea
sp. Cave corals |
|||||||||||
| Family Diploastreidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
snt |
kus |
sji |
sis |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa |
Diploastrea
heliopora Moon coral |
||||||||||||||||
| Family Euphylliidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm
|
rfl
|
Euphyllia
ancora Brain anchor coral |
||||||||||||||||
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Euphyllia
glabrescens Torch ancor coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
rfl
|
Euphyllia
paradivisa Frog spawn coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
ecp |
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sis
|
jng |
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
Euphyllia
paraancora Branching anchor coral |
|||||||||||||||
bb |
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Galaxea sp. Galaxy coral |
||||||||||
| Family
Fungiidae mushroom corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
snt |
kus |
sji |
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl |
lfa
|
Ctenactis
sp. Feather mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||
| Fungia
sp. Fungia mushroom coral |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Circular
mushrooom coral Fungia sp. |
|||||||||||
|
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa
|
Oval
mushroom coral Fungia sp. |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
bb
|
hnt
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Heliofungia
actiniformis Sunflower mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis |
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Herpolitha
limax Tongue mushroom coral |
||||||||||
tm |
snt |
sis |
cyr |
hnt |
tpg |
tsm |
Lithophyllon undulatum Lithophyllon mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt |
tkr |
sji |
sis
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa |
Podabacia
sp. Bracket mushroom coral |
||||||||||||||
|
snt
|
kus
|
sji |
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Polyphyllia
talpina Mole mushroom coral |
|||||||||||||||
| Family
Lobophylliidae brain corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
snt |
tkr |
kus |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Lobophyllia sp. Lobed brain coral |
|||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Symphyllia sp. Grooved brain coral |
|||||||||||
| Family Merulinidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hexagonal corals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
lab |
snt |
kus |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Columnar hexa | ||||||||||||
bb |
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa |
Honey-comb hexa | |||||||||
bb |
tus |
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Maze hexa | |||||||
tus |
tm |
ecp |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Small hexa | |||||||||
tm |
snt |
tkr |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Smooth hexa | |||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Tiny hexa | ||||||||||||
bb |
tus |
tm |
ecp |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa |
Toothed hexa | |||||||||
| Maze corals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Jigsaw maze | ||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Other maze | |||||||||||
| Ring corals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
bb |
tus |
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
lfa |
Big ring | ||||||||
snt |
kus |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
lfa |
Purple-and-white ring | ||||||||||||||||||
bb |
tm |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Small ring | ||||||||||
tm |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
Caulastraea sp. Trumpet coral |
|||||||||||||
tm |
lab |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Cyphastrea sp. Meteor corals |
||||||||||
tm |
kus |
sis |
hnt |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
Echinopora sp. Hedgehog coral |
|||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk |
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa |
Hydnophora
exesa Boulder horn coral |
||||||||||
tm |
snt |
laz |
sis
|
hnt
|
smk |
tsm |
rfl
|
Hydnophora
rigida Branching horn coral |
||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
snt |
kus |
sis |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
Merulina sp. Ridged plate corals |
|||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
hnt |
tsm |
Mycedium elephantotus Elephant-nose plate corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Pectinia sp. Carnation coral |
|||||||||||
bb |
tm |
sji |
sis |
hnt |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
Trachyphyllia
geoffroyi Cabbage coral |
||||||||||||||||||
| Family Oulastreidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
prp |
chg |
ubn |
cj |
skd |
bb |
tus |
tm |
ecp |
lab |
snt |
tkr |
kus |
laz |
sji |
sis |
cyr |
jng |
hnt |
tpg |
smk |
tsm |
rfl |
lfa |
Oulastrea
crispata Zebra coral |
||
| Family Pocilloporidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Pocillopora
sp. Cauliflower coral |
||||||||||
| Family Poritidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goniopora
sp. Goniopora corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Goniopora
sp. Anemone coral |
||||||
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Goniopora
sp. Small goniopora coral |
||||||||
| Porites
sp. Pore corals |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
bb
|
tus
|
tm |
ecp
|
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl
|
lfa
|
Porites
sp. Boulder pore coral |
|||||
|
skd
|
bb
|
tm |
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz |
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng |
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
lfa
|
Porites
sp. Branching pore coral |
||||||||
| Family Siderastreidae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
chg |
ubn |
cj |
bb |
ecp |
sji |
sis |
jng |
hnt |
Pseudosiderastrea
tayamai Neat hexa coral |
|||||||||||||||||
| Family Psammocoridae Sandpaper coral |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
cj
|
skd
|
tus
|
tm |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng |
hnt
|
tpg |
smk |
rfl |
Psammocora
sp. Boulder sandpaper coral |
|||||||||||
ecp |
lab
|
snt
|
tkr |
kus
|
laz
|
sji
|
sis
|
cyr |
jng
|
hnt
|
tpg
|
smk
|
tsm
|
rfl |
lfa
|
Psammcora
sp. Crinkled sandpaper coral |
||||||||||
in red are those listed among the threatened animals of Singapore from Davison, G.W. H. and P. K. L. Ng and Ho Hua Chew, 2008. The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened plants and animals of Singapore.
|
Northern
shores
|
pgl: punggol & coney island, prp: pasir ris park, chg: changi, cj: chek jawa and pulau ubin, skd: pulau sekudu, bb: beting bronok, tus: tuas, ecp: east coast park, tm: tanah merah |
|
Southern
shores
|
lab: labrador + berlayar creek, snt: sentosa, cyr: cyrene reef, kus: kusu island, laz: lazarus island, sji: st. john's island, sis: sisters islands, jng: pulau jong, tkr: pulau tekukor, hnt: pulau hantu, tpg: terumbus pempang darat, tengah and laut, smk: pulau semakau, tsm: submerged reefs off semakau - terumbu raya, beting bemban besar, terumbu bemban, terumbu semakau, rfl: raffles lighthouse, lfa: live firing area (Salu, Sudong, Pawai, Senang, Biola and submerged reefs in the area) |
About citing this checklist.
|
photo
index of
cnidarians on this site
|